The parameters were Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), turbidity, pH, chlorine and survivability test and tests were conducted on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The various dosage of IAL in power form (0-200 mg/L) was used to determine physical, chemical and biological parameters of aquarium water quality in the presence of Betta fish. As for the aquarium tank, smaller tanks with a capacity of 4.5 litres are used since Betta fish is small in size and it is easy to be accommodated in the aquarium.
For this study, the powdered form of IAL was used for faster dilution or mixing. Therefore, in this study, Indian almond leaves (IAL) were used to investigate the impacts on water quality in an aquarium with Betta fish as they are hardy fish, tolerant to changes in water quality, comparatively cheaper and more readily available in tropical countries. There are very few studies done to understand the impact of Indian almond leaves (IAL) on aquarium water quality. Histopathological examination of gills revealed severe congested blood vessels and capillaries of primary and secondary gill filaments together with moderate infiltration of lymphocytes in lumina propria. There was a significant decrease in body weight, body gain, RBCs, WBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrite (PCV%) with a significant increase in cortisol in fishes exposed to sublethal concentrations of chlorine. In addition, loss of reflexes, fade coloration of the body and slight destruction of fin membrane of dorsal fin in sublethal exposure. The exposed fishes showed abnormal swimming behaviour, restlessness, decrease respiratory rate with signs of anoxia, congested gill tissues and excessive mucus secretion on body surface of dead fish. LC50 of chlorine in swordtail and koi were 1.375 mg/L and 2.4425 mg/L respectively. The 96 hrs LC50 of chlorine was determined in addition the effect of sublethal exposure (1/20 and 1/10 96 hrs LC50) on health and growth of exposed fishes. In this study 500 fishes (250 swordtail and 250 koi) were used.
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For convenience, also has an android app, so our users can access anywhere and from almost any device.This study was applied on swordtail “Xiphophorus helleri” and koi “Cyprinus carpio” to investigate the stress response of these fishes to acute and sublethal toxicity of chlorine. works on all web browsers on computers, laptops, tablets and mobile phones. provides customers with similar products suggestions in a smart way, usually suggesting similar products with better prices or similar products from other merchant websites. allows you to see the real discount by comparing the current price with the previous price, which is the correct & real discount you will be getting. Sometimes online sellers don’t do this in order to show shoppers a larger percentage drop in the product price in the offer or promotion. The real offer or promotion is when you compare the current price with the previous price. Real offers and promotions are sometimes not as advertised. To ensure you are getting a good deal, Kanbkam job is to track those price changes for shoppers, store and graph them so that the shopper can know if the product is selling now at a good price compared to it's history or not.
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